Institut Charles Sadron Membre

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4. Jean-François Lutz

2021

Laurent, E.; Amalian, J.-A.; Schutz, T.; Launay, K.; Clement, J.-L.; Gigmes, D.; Burel, A.; Carapito, C.; Charles, L.; Delsuc, M.-A.; Lutz, J.-F. (2021), Storing the portrait of Antoine de Lavoisier in a single macromolecule,Comptes Rendus Chimie,24(2) : 69-76 link

Roszak, I.; Oswald, L.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Bertin, A.; Laurent, E.; Felix, O.; Carvin-Sergent, I.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2021), Synthesis and sequencing of informational poly(amino phosphodiester)s,Polymer Chemistry,12(37) : 5279-5282 link

Loth, C.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F.; Nerantzaki, M. (2021), Precisely Defined Aptamer-b-Poly(phosphodiester) Conjugates Prepared by Phosphoramidite Polymer Chemistry,Acs Macro Letters,10(4) : 481-485 link

Mondal, T.; Nerantzaki, M.; Flesch, K.; Loth, C.; Maaloum, M.; Cong, Y.; Sheiko, S.S.; Lutz, J.-F. (2021), Large Sequence-Defined Supramolecules Obtained by the DNA-Guided Assembly of Biohybrid Poly(phosphodiester)s,Macromolecules,54(7) : 3423-3429 link

Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2021), Design of Abiological Digital Poly(phosphodiester)s,Accounts Of Chemical Research,54(7) : 1791-1800 link

Fadler, R.E.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Qiao, B.; Carta, V.; Konig, N.F.; Gao, X.; Zhao, W.; Zhang, Y.; Lutz, J.-F.; Flood, A.H. (2021), Chain Entropy Beats Hydrogen Bonds to Unfold and Thread Dialcohol Phosphates inside Cyanostar Macrocycles To Form [3]Pseudorotaxanes,Journal Of Organic Chemistry,86(6) : 4532-4546 link

Louwsma, J.; Carvalho, A.; Lutz, J.-F.; Joly, S.; Chan-Seng, D. (2021), Adsorption of phenylalanine-rich sequence-defined oligomers onto Kevlar fibers for fiber-reinforced polyolefin composite materials,Polymer,217() : link

Amalian, J.-A.; Mondal, T.; Konishcheva, E.; Cavallo, G.; Petit, B.E.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2021), Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) of Digital Polymers: Direct Tandem Mass Spectrometry Decoding and Imaging from Materials Surfaces,Advanced Materials Technologies,6(4) : link

Launay, K.; Amalian, J.-A.; Laurent, E.; Oswald, L.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Burel, A.; Dufour, F.; Carapito, C.; Clement, J.-L.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L.; Gigmes, D. (2021), Precise Alkoxyamine Design to Enable Automated Tandem Mass Spectrometry Sequencing of Digital Poly(phosphodiester)s,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,60(2) : 917-926 link

Nerantzaki, M.; Loth, C.; Lutz, J.-F. (2021), Chemical conjugation of nucleic acid aptamers and synthetic polymers,Polymer Chemistry,12(24) : 3498-3509 link

2020

Mondal, T.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2020), Damage and Repair in Informational Poly(N-substituted urethane)s,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,59(46) : 20390-20393 link

Lutz, J.-F. (2020), Can Life Emerge from Synthetic Polymers?,Israel Journal Of Chemistry,60(1-2, Si) : 151-159 link

Lutz, J.-F. (2020), 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Toward Artificial Life-Supporting Macromolecules,Acs Macro Letters,9(2) : 185 link

Poyer, S.; Petit, B.E.; Telitel, S.; Karamessini, D.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2020), Promoting carboxylate salts in the ESI source to simplify positive mode MS/MS sequencing of acid-terminated encoded polyurethanes,International Journal Of Mass Spectrometry,448() : link

Schue, E.; Kopyshev, A.; Lutz, J.-F.; Boerner, H.G. (2020), Molecular Bottle Brushes with Positioned Selenols: Extending the Toolbox of Oxidative Single Polymer Chain Folding with Conformation Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy,Journal Of Polymer Science,58(1, Si) : 154-162 link

Charles, L.; Mondal, T.; Greff, V.; Razzini, M.; Monnier, V.; Burel, A.; Carapito, C.; Lutz, J.-F. (2020), Optimal conditions for tandem mass spectrometric sequencing of information-containing nitrogen-substituted polyurethanes,Rapid Communications In Mass Spectrometry,34(14) : link

Lutz, J.-F. (2020), The Next 100 Years of Polymer Science,Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics,221(16) : link

Cao, C.; Krapp, L.F.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Konig, N.F.; Cirauqui, N.; Radenovic, A.; Lutz, J.-F.; Dal Peraro, M. (2020), Aerolysin nanopores decode digital information stored in tailored macromolecular analytes,Science Advances,6(50) : link

Laurent, E.; Amalian, J.-A.; Parmentier, M.; Oswald, L.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Dufour, F.; Launay, K.; Clement, J.-L.; Gigmes, D.; Delsuc, M.-A.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2020), High-Capacity Digital Polymers: Storing Images in Single Molecules,Macromolecules,53(10) : 4022-4029 link

Cavallo, G.; Clement, J.-L.; Gigmes, D.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2020), Selective Bond Cleavage in Informational Poly(Alkoxyamine Phosphodiester)s,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,41(12) : link

2019

Konig, N.F.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Oswald, L.; Szweda, R.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2019), Photo-editable macromolecular information,Nature Communications,10() : link

Mondal, T.; Greff, V.; Petit, B.E.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2019), Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of “N-Coded” Oligo- and Poly(N-Substituted Urethanes),Acs Macro Letters,8(8) : 1002-1005 link

Petit, B.E.; Lotz, B.; Lutz, J.-F. (2019), About the Crystallization of Abiotic Coded Matter,Acs Macro Letters,8(7) : 779-782 link

Amalian, J.-A.; Cavallo, G.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2019), Revealing Data Encrypted in Sequence-Controlled Poly(Alkoxyamine Phosphodiester)s by Combining Ion Mobility with Tandem Mass Spectrometry,Analytical Chemistry,91(11) : 7266-7272 link

Poyer, S.; Chendo, C.; Laure, C.; Lutz, J.-F.; Siri, D.; Charles, L. (2019), Homolysis of C-ON bonds during MS/MS of oligo(alkoxyamine amide) protomers,International Journal Of Mass Spectrometry,438() : 29-35 link

Oswald, L.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Laure, C.; Amalian, J.-A.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2019), Universal Soluble Polymer Supports with Precisely Controlled Loading Capacity for Sequence-Defined Oligomer Synthesis,Journal Of Polymer Science Part A-Polymer Chemistry,57(3, Si) : 403-410 link

Wiedmann, S.; Luitz, M.; Kerscher, B.; Lutz, J.-F.; Muelhaupt, R. (2019), Programmable Thermoresponsive Micelle-Inspired Polymer Ionic Liquids as Molecular Shuttles for Anionic Payloads,Macromolecules,52(24) : 9672-9681 link

2018

Szweda, R.; Tschopp, M.; Felix, O.; Decher, G.; Lutz, J.-F. (2018), Sequences of Sequences: Spatial Organization of Coded Matter through Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Digital Polymers,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,57(48) : 15817-15821 link

Karamessini, D.; Simon-Yarza, T.; Poyer, S.; Konishcheva, E.; Charles, L.; Letourneur, D.; Lutz, J.-F. (2018), Abiotic Sequence-Coded Oligomers as Efficient InVivo Taggants for the Identification of Implanted Materials,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,57(33) : 10574-10578 link

Poyer, S.; Fouquet, T.; Sato, H.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2018), Convenient Graphical Visualization of Messages Encoded in Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers Using Kendrick Mass Defect Analysis of their MS/MS Data,Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics,219(16) : link

Cavallo, G.; Poyer, S.; Amalian, J.-A.; Dufour, F.; Burel, A.; Carapito, C.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2018), Cleavable Binary Dyads: Simplifying Data Extraction and Increasing Storage Density in Digital Polymers,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,57(21) : 6266-6269 link

Chan-Seng, D.; Louwsma, J.; Lutz, J.-F.; Joly, S. (2018), Synthesis of Macromolecules Containing Phenylalanine and Aliphatic Building Blocks,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,39(8) : link

Boukhet, M.; Koenig, N.F.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Baaken, G.; Lutz, J.-F.; Behrends, J.C. (2018), Translocation of Sequence-Controlled Synthetic Polymers through Biological Nanopores,Biophysical Journal,114(3, 1) : 182 link

2017

Boukhet, M.; Konig, N.F.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Baaken, G.; Lutz, J.-F.; Behrends, J.C. (2017), Translocation of Precision Polymers through Biological Nanopores,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,38(24, Si) : link

Karamessini, D.; Poyer, S.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), 2D Sequence-Coded Oligourethane Barcodes for Plastic Materials Labeling,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,38(24, Si) : link

Konig, N.F.; Telitel, S.; Poyer, S.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Photocontrolled Synthesis of Abiotic Sequence-Defined Oligo(Phosphodiester)s,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,38(24, Si) : link

Amalian, J.-A.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Cavallo, G.; Konig, N.F.; Poyer, S.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2017), Controlling the structure of sequence-defined poly(phosphodiester)s for optimal MS/MS reading of digital information,Journal Of Mass Spectrometry,52(11) : 788-798 link

Burel, A.; Carapito, C.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2017), MS-DECODER: Milliseconds Sequencing of Coded Polymers,Macromolecules,50(20) : 8290-8296 link

Al Ouahabi, A.; Amalian, J.-A.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Mass spectrometry sequencing of long digital polymers facilitated by programmed inter-byte fragmentation,Nature Communications,8() : link

Amalian, J.-A.; Poyer, S.; Petit, B.E.; Telitel, S.; Monnier, V.; Karamessini, D.; Gigmes, D.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2017), Negative mode MS/MS to read digital information encoded in sequence-defined oligo(urethane)s: A mechanistic study,International Journal Of Mass Spectrometry,421() : 271-278 link

Telitel, S.; Petit, B.E.; Poyer, S.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Sequence-coded ATRP macroinitiators,Polymer Chemistry,8(34) : 4988-4991 link

Szweda, R.; Chendo, C.; Charles, L.; Baxter, P.N.W.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Synthesis of oligoarylacetylenes with defined conjugated sequences using tailor-made soluble polymer supports,Chemical Communications,53(59) : 8312-8315 link

Konig, N.F.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Poyer, S.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), A Simple Post-Polymerization Modification Method for Controlling Side-Chain Information in Digital Polymers,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,56(25) : 7297-7301 link

Charles, L.; Cavallo, G.; Monnier, V.; Oswald, L.; Szweda, R.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), MS/MS-Assisted Design of Sequence-Controlled Synthetic Polymers for Improved Reading of Encoded Information,Journal Of The American Society For Mass Spectrometry,28(6) : 1149-1159 link

Karamessini, D.; Petit, B.E.; Bouquey, M.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Identification-Tagging of Methacrylate-Based Intraocular Implants Using Sequence Defined Polyurethane Barcodes,Advanced Functional Materials,27(3) : link

Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Defining the Field of Sequence-Controlled Polymers,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,38(24, Si) : link

Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Euro-Sequences: Toward Next-Gen Polymers,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,38(24, Si) : link

Lutz, J.-F. (2017), Catalyst: Being a Chemist in the Anthropocene,Chem,2(2) : 155-156 link

Talarimoghari, M.; Dylewska, A.; Hoffmann, M.; Baaken, G.; Chouikhi, D.; Lutz, J.-F.; Behrends, J.C. (2017), Tuning Polymer-Protein Interaction with Salt,Biophysical Journal,112(3, 1) : 457 link

2016

Fierens, S.K.; Telitel, S.; Van Steenberge, P.H.M.; Reyniers, M.-F.; Marin, G.B.; Lutz, J.-F.; D’hooge, D.R. (2016), Model-Based Design To Push the Boundaries of Sequence Control,Macromolecules,49(24) : 9336-9344 link

Fiers, G.; Chouikhi, D.; Oswald, L.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Chan-Seng, D.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2016), Orthogonal Synthesis of Xeno Nucleic Acids,Chemistry-A European Journal,22(50) : 17945-17948 link

Laure, C.; Karamessini, D.; Milenkovic, O.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2016), Coding in 2D: Using Intentional Dispersity to Enhance the Information Capacity of Sequence-Coded Polymer Barcodes,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,55(36) : 10722-10725 link

Cavallo, G.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Oswald, L.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2016), Orthogonal Synthesis of “Easy-to-Read” Information-Containing Polymers Using Phosphoramidite and Radical Coupling Steps,Journal Of The American Chemical Society,138(30) : 9417-9420 link

Gunay, U.S.; Petit, B.E.; Karamessini, D.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Amalian, J.-A.; Chendo, C.; Bouquey, M.; Gigmes, D.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2016), Chemoselective Synthesis of Uniform Sequence-Coded Polyurethanes and Their Use as Molecular Tags,Chem,1(1) : 114-126 link

Amalian, J.-A.; Trinh, T.T.; Lutz, J.-F.; Charles, L. (2016), MS/MS Digital Readout: Analysis of Binary Information Encoded in the Monomer Sequences of Poly(triazole amide)s,Analytical Chemistry,88(7) : 3715-3722 link

Oswald, L.; Al Ouahabi, A.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2016), Optimal ATRP-Made Soluble Polymer Supports for Phosphoramidite Chemistry,Chemistry-A European Journal,22(10) : 3462-3469 link

Charles, L.; Laure, C.; Lutz, J.-F.; Roy, R.K. (2016), Tandem mass spectrometry sequencing in the negative ion mode to read binary information encoded in sequence-defined poly(alkoxyamine amide)s,Rapid Communications In Mass Spectrometry,30(1) : 22-28 link

Huc, I.; Lutz, J.-F.; Serre, C. (2016), Emerging chemistry in France,Comptes Rendus Chimie,19(1-2) : 17 link

Lutz, J.-F.; Lehn, J.-M.; Meijer, E.W.; Matyjaszewski, K. (2016), From precision polymers to complex materials and systems,Nature Reviews Materials,1(5) : link

2015

Al Ouahabi, A.; Kotera, M.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence-Coded Polymers with Chain Lengths above DP100,Acs Macro Letters,4(10) : 1077-1080 link

Oswald, L.; Trinh, T.T.; Chan-Seng, D.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Debromination of ATRP-made Wang soluble polymer supports,Polymer,72() : 341-347 link

Trinh, T.T.; Oswald, L.; Chan-Seng, D.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Preparation of Information-Containing Macromolecules by Ligation of Dyad-Encoded Oligomers,Chemistry-A European Journal,21(34) : 11961-11965 link

Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Coding Macromolecules: Inputting Information in Polymers Using Monomer-Based Alphabets,Macromolecules,48(14) : 4759-4767 link

Charles, L.; Laure, C.; Lutz, J.-F.; Roy, R.K. (2015), MS/MS Sequencing of Digitally Encoded Poly(alkoxyamine amide)s,Macromolecules,48(13) : 4319-4328 link

Trinh, T.T.; Laure, C.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence-Defined Polymers Using Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Strategies,Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics,216(14) : 1498-1506 link

Roy, R.K.; Meszynska, A.; Laure, C.; Charles, L.; Verchin, C.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Design and synthesis of digitally encoded polymers that can be decoded and erased,Nature Communications,6() : link

Al Ouahabi, A.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Synthesis of Non-Natural Sequence-Encoded Polymers Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry,Journal Of The American Chemical Society,137(16) : 5629-5635 link

Roy, R.K.; Laure, C.; Fischer-Krauser, D.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), Convergent synthesis of digitally-encoded poly(alkoxyamine amide)s,Chemical Communications,51(86) : 15677-15680 link

Srichan, S.; Mutlu, H.; Lutz, J.-F. (2015), On the synthesis of sequence-controlled poly(vinyl benzyl amine-co-N-substituted maleimides) copolymers,European Polymer Journal,62(Si) : 338-346 link

2014

Amrane, M.I.; Chouikhi, D.; Badi, N.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Synthesis of Well-Defined Polystyrene Rink Amide Soluble Supports and Their Use in Peptide Synthesis,Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics,215(20, Si) : 1984-1990 link

Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Aperiodic Copolymers,Acs Macro Letters,3(10) : 1020-1023 link

Roy, R.K.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Compartmentalization of Single Polymer Chains by Stepwise Intramolecular Cross-Linking of Sequence-Controlled Macromolecules,Journal Of The American Chemical Society,136(37) : 12888-12891 link

Srichan, S.; Mutlu, H.; Badi, N.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Precision PEGylated Polymers Obtained by Sequence-Controlled Copolymerization and Postpolymerization Modification,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,53(35) : 9231-9235 link

Srichan, S.; Kayunkid, N.; Oswald, L.; Lotz, B.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Synthesis and Characterization of Sequence-Controlled Semicrystalline Comb Copolymers: Influence of Primary Structure on Materials Properties,Macromolecules,47(5) : 1570-1577 link

Chan-Seng, D.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Primary Structure Control of Oligomers Based on Natural and Synthetic Building Blocks,Acs Macro Letters,3(3) : 291-294 link

Trinh, T.T.; Oswald, L.; Chan-Seng, D.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Synthesis of Molecularly Encoded Oligomers Using a Chemoselective “ AB plus CD” Iterative Approach,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,35(2, Si) : 141-145 link

Shishkan, O.; Zamfir, M.; Gauthier, M.A.; Boerner, H.G.; Lutz, J.-F. (2014), Complex single-chain polymer topologies locked by positionable twin disulfide cyclic bridges,Chemical Communications,50(13) : 1570-1572 link

2013

Sefcik, L.S.; Kaminski, A.; Ling, K.; Laschewsky, A.; Lutz, J.-F.; Wischerhoff, E. (2013), Effects of PEG-Based Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes on Fibroblast Spreading and Gene Expression,Cellular And Molecular Bioengineering,6(3) : 287-298 link

Stutz, C.; Meszynska, A.; Lutz, J.-F.; Boerner, H.G. (2013), Convenient Routes to Efficiently N-PEGylated Peptides,Acs Macro Letters,2(8) : 641-644 link

Baradel, N.; Gok, O.; Zamfir, M.; Sanyal, A.; Lutz, J.-F. (2013), Sequence-controlled polymerization using dendritic macromonomers: precise chain-positioning of bulky functional clusters,Chemical Communications,49(66) : 7280-7282 link

Baradel, N.; Fort, S.; Halila, S.; Badi, N.; Lutz, J.-F. (2013), Synthesis of Single-Chain Sugar Arrays,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,52(8) : 2335-2339 link

2012

Zamfir, M.; Lutz, J.-F. (2012), Ultra-precise insertion of functional monomers in chain-growth polymerizations,Nature Communications,3() : link

Srichan, S.; Chan-Seng, D.; Lutz, J.-F. (2012), Influence of Strong Electron-Donor Monomers in Sequence-Controlled Polymerizations,Acs Macro Letters,1(5) : 589-592 link

Kakuchi, R.; Zamfir, M.; Lutz, J.-F.; Theato, P. (2012), Controlled Positioning of Activated Ester Moieties on Well-Defined Linear Polymer Chains,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,33(1) : 54-60 link

Chan-Seng, D.; Zamfir, M.; Lutz, J.-F. (2012), Polymer-Chain Encoding: Synthesis of Highly Complex Monomer Sequence Patterns by Using Automated Protocols,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,51(49) : 12254-12257 link

Zamfir, M.; Theato, P.; Lutz, J.-F. (2012), Controlled folding of polystyrene single chains: design of asymmetric covalent bridges,Polymer Chemistry,3(7) : 1796-1802 link

Srichan, S.; Oswald, L.; Zamfir, M.; Lutz, J.-F. (2012), Precision polyelectrolytes,Chemical Communications,48(10) : 1517-1519 link

Meszynska, A.; Badi, N.; Boerner, H.G.; Lutz, J.-F. (2012), “Inverse” synthesis of polymer bioconjugates using soluble supports,Chemical Communications,48(32) : 3887-3889 link

2011

Ouchi, M.; Badi, N.; Lutz, J.-F.; Sawamoto, M. (2011), Single-chain technology using discrete synthetic macromolecules,Nature Chemistry,3(12) : 917-924 link

Lutz, J.-F. (2011), Thermo-Switchable Materials Prepared Using the OEGMA-Platform,Advanced Materials,23(19) : 2237-2243 link

Schmidt, B.V.K.J.; Fechler, N.; Falkenhagen, J.; Lutz, J.-F. (2011), Controlled folding of synthetic polymer chains through the formation of positionable covalent bridges,Nature Chemistry,3(3) : 234-238 link

Lutz, J.-F.; Schmidt, B.V.K.J.; Pfeifer, S. (2011), Tailored Polymer Microstructures Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and N-substituted Maleimides,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,32(2, Si) : 127-135 link

Thomas, C.M.; Lutz, J.-F. (2011), Precision Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers,Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,50(40) : 9244-9246 link

Nerantzaki, M.; Lutz, J.-F. (), Multistep Growth Polymerizations,Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics,() : link

Cavallo, G.; Clement, J.-L.; Gigmes, D.; Charles, L.; Lutz, J.-F. (), Selective Bond Cleavage in Informational Poly(Alkoxyamine Phosphodiester)s,Macromolecular Rapid Communications,() : link